Locate the Epicenter

Problem: Where is the earthquake’s epicenter, and when did it happen?
Information: P Waves travel an average of 5000 m/s through North America. S Waves travel an average of 3000 m/s. You also have a record of earthquake activity from five different seismograph stations throughout the United States. The seismograms are visible on this map. (Open these seismograms in a new tab in order to get a good look. You will have to right-click on the seismogram to do this.)
View Locate the Earthquake in a larger map

After you figure out how far each station is away from the epicenter, use this mapping tool. It will allow you to draw measured circles around different locations to pinpoint this earthquake’s epicenter. Good luck!

In your comment below, answer these simple questions:

1. Where did this earthquake happen? (Where was the epicenter?)
2. When did this earthquake happen? (answer to the nearest second)
3. How did you figure it out?

Prizes for figuring out the answers to this problem include the following:

• 3 Bonus points on your Earthquakes Standard Check
• Mike & Ike's with Mr. Hoegh
• One game of H-O-R-S-E with Mr. Hoegh
• A Homemade Christmas Card from Mr. Hoegh's daughters
• One game of catch (football, baseball, softball, or frisbee) with Mr. Hoegh
• 15 Minutes of Pepper (volleyball) with Mr. Hoegh
• 2 Karaoke Songs by (or with) Mr. Hoegh

Earthquake Sampler

Earthquakes have had quite an impact on our society in the past, and they will continue to have that Earth-shattering (literally!) impact in the future. It is highly unlikely that any of us have physically experienced one of these natural disasters, and I hope that none of us ever will. What do you think it would be like to experience a Great Quake? What would you do? How would you feel about the total loss of control in the situation? You will learn about some of the Great Quakes in history. Through first-hand accounts of people who were fortunate to live through a large earthquake, you will get a chance to learn about what it was like to experience one of these historical natural disasters. The details for today's activity are found HERE.

In your blog response, remember to answer TWO of the three choices. As always, I look forward to reading what is written!

a. What was the most memorable story, image, or fact about the earthquake you researched? Why?
b. What do you think it was like to live through the earthquake you researched?
c. Have you ever experienced another natural disaster, such as a tornado, hurricane, severe thunderstorm, or flood? Create your own personal recollection of living through the destruction that event caused.

Identifying Minerals

In the past few days in science, your view of minerals has likely changed. You've discovered that there are many different classes/types of minerals -- each with a unique set of properties that allows us to identify one mineral from another.
In your comment, completely answer the following questions. If you don't want your comment to be published, that is fine! Just let me know in the comment you leave.

1. Minerals are identified by their properties. What are some of the properties you used to distinguish one mineral from another? Why is it best to use more than just one or two of these properties?
   
2. Did some of the properties "work" better than others? Which ones were the most effective? Which were the least effective? Explain.
   
3. What was the most difficult part of identifying minerals?
4. How many minerals (of the 17) did you identify correctly?
   

What are Minerals?

After watching the vodcast on minerals, answer the following questions in a comment.
What are the 4 Things a Mineral Must Be?
What are the 2 main classes of minerals?
What is 1 tough concept having to do with minerals?

Life Story of a Grain of Sand

Respond to the following writing prompt, and write your story in the comment section of this post.

Purpose: To review the rock cycle process.
Directions: Pretend a grain of sand or rock could come to life and tell its story of changing from one type of rock to another during the rock cycle. Write a creative story or poem describing what "Rocky" would experience as he/she goes through the Rock Cycle. Make sure that you describe how this piece of sediment could become part of 3 different types of rock, and how it could become magma.
Resources: The Rock Cycle Prezi (in the blog post below); Pages 92-93 and Chapter 4-1 in the Red Book; Those Rock Cycle Interactives; Prior Knowledge/Creativity

Rock Cycle Prezi

Rocks.... on Prezi

Geology of the Black Hills

Image Courtesy of Beth Steinhauer, Black Hills National Forest
(Forest Service of US Department of Agriculture) under Public Domain

Many of you have been out to the Black Hills. If you haven't (or if you can't remember what it is like), visualize the following scenario:
As you drive west from Rapid City, you notice a jagged stretch of sandstone peaks called the Hogback Ridge. After a short descent from those sandtone peaks, you come to an area comprised of another sedimentary rock, red shale, which makes a "Racetrack" around the Black Hills. If you keep driving west, there is a gradual incline made of limestone. This limestone formed 100-500 million years ago, from the shells of ancient marine animals. (Yes, we are still in the Black Hills of South Dakota.) Keep driving still, past this limestone plateau, and you will see the Central Crystalline Core of the Black Hills. This area is made of schist (a metamorphic rock) and granite (an intrusive igneous rock) that have aged for up to 2.5 billion years. The apparent color of this Central Core and the groves of Ponderosa Pine gave this area its name, the Black Hills. You might want to get out of the car and take a hike up to Harney Peak, the highest peak in between the Rocky Mountains and the Alps of Switzerland.
What are the events that led to the formation of these Black Hills? Why does it look the way it does? Like geologists, we will explore these questions today.

1. Write a summary of how the Black Hills formed. What are the events that led to their formation?
2. Would the Badlands exist if weathering/erosion had not taken place? Why/Why not?
3. The major uplift of the Black Hills occurred 70 million years ago. What do you think that area of South Dakota looked like 40 million years ago? What do you think the Black Hills and Badlands will look like in another 40 million years?